The Assortment of Products in ACT II Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Assortment of Products in ACT II - Case Study Example The company is goal oriented to keep their customers with constantly changing its brands as per the changing trends in the current market situation. It ensures customers satisfaction and guarantees over its high-quality production. In order to be steady in the market its product prices are lower in the market (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2011). In addition, production of zero fat corns is among the strategies the company has diversified into to adapt to the current market. A number of channels of distribution arose for ACT II popcorn so that it could reach the preferred market and satisfy the various diverse needs of the consumer. A diagrammatic representation shows as below. ACT II popcorn can be distributed to the vendor machine on the first instance, and then the consumer can be able to get it. Secondly, it can be distributed to the vending machine and through the agent; the consumer can obtain the product. Lastly, the product can be distributed to the drug stores then the various vending machines available in the drug stores and via the agent; the product is able to reach the destined consumer. The marketing strategy that the Conagra foods company should use is market segmentation. Market segmentation is the case in which the whole market is divided into many market niche i.e. small markets which can easily be captured and controlled by the company. The pricing model should be from the small amounts in order to cover all the consumers. This strategy would help in the business becoming a leader in distribution. The grocery mode of distribution is not able to cover all customers and so there should be a number of modes of distribution. A number of challenges accrue when there are expansion and growth in the business. Foreign tastes, cultural differences, distance and trade regulations. Different consumers would have different tastes and preferences in their life cycles. This is because of the civilization and their lifestyles. It can also be due to income levels.  

Discipline and Management Essay Example for Free

Discipline and Management Essay Included in this essay is a comparison between discipline and management also behavior and misbehavior. Beginning the essay is a short definition and a short word picture of discipline, management, behavior and misbehavior. Next is a comparison of how each are different, similar, related. Discipline is described in the Merriam-Webster online dictionary as first being â€Å"punishment† or then further down states it is â€Å"training that corrects, molds, or perfects the mental faculties or moral character. † In our text book, Building Classroom Discipline, C. M. Charles states that discipline in the classroom is â€Å"Teachers’ efforts to maintain classroom decorum and secure student’ cooperation and exercising self-control. † Discipline should not be thought of as punishment but instead a learning road of self-control. Discipline is a person’s ability to conduct appropriately or a short word picture could be[pic]. With in the classroom, management is a written plan of action so that class runs smooth. Webster dictionary describes management as â€Å"conducting or supervising of something†. Management is the process of controlling and discipline is the act once management has failed. Management and discipline are interrelated and work together to for a common plan and a smooth ran class. If there was no [pic] (management) designed the discipline would not work. Webster’s dictionary states that behavior is â€Å"the manner of conducting oneself†. Behavior described in our text book Building Classroom Discipline â€Å"is the totality of one’s physical and mental activities. † Behavior is everything that we do whether good or bad. One word that best describes this is[pic]. Misbehavior is considered as a person’s actions â€Å"that disrupt teaching, interfere with learning, demean others, or otherwise violate the moral codes of society. † (C. M. Charles 2008 p13) In Webster’s dictionary they describe misbehavior as â€Å"a bad manner of conducting one self. † Both of the terms are related however [pic] (misbehavior) is the disruption of behavior as a whole. Behavior is the bigger picture and misbehavior is a smaller unit within behavior. The two are interrelated and you can not have one with out the other. With the appropriate action taken in advance misbehavior could be minimized. There are different types of misbehavior and some are more serious than others but none of the less takes away from instruction. This is why it is very important to have a discipline plan devised. In the above essay is a comparison between discipline and management also behavior and misbehavior. Beginning the essay is a short definition and a short word picture of discipline, management, behavior and misbehavior. Next is a comparison of how each are different, similar, related. To complete this essay is a short description of why it is important to have a discipline plan.

Pharmaceutical Industry In India Economics Essay

Pharmaceutical Industry In India Economics Essay India pharmaceutical industry is one of the worlds largest and it has been ranked 4th in the world in terms of production volume and 13th in domestic consumption value. The worth of Indias pharmacetical industry is $4.5 billion and it has been growing at the rate of 8% to 9% annually. Over the last 30 years india pharmacetical industry has evolved from almost nonexistent to a world leader in the production of high quality generic drugs. There are 20,000 registered units so, this show that indian pharmaceutical industry is highly fragmented. 70% of the pharmacetical market has been controlled by the leading 250 companies. The government has control over the price and there is severe price competition. 70% of the countrys demand has been met by the pharmaceutical industry. 1.PORTERS 5 FORCE MODEL Indian pharmaceutical business environment is extremely competitive and where perfect competition exits, the profits of the firms operating in that industry will become zero, but however this is not possible because, firstly no company is a price taker this means that no company will operate where the profit is zero every company needs some profit to sustain themselves in the market. Secondly they strive to create a competitive advantage to thrive in the competitive scenario. Here, we apply this model for the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Industry competition Indian pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive with as many as 10,000 different players fights within themselves. The rivalry in the industry can be judged from the fact that the top players in the industry has roughly around 6% market share and the top players in the market has roughly around 18% market share this shows that the market is highly competitive. The industry is very attractive for new players to enter, so the growth prospects is quit high. Another factor that adds to the industry rivalry is the fact that the entry barriers to the industry are very low this factor also attracts new players in the market. Product differentiation also differentiate the companys product and gives a competitive advantage to the firm in the industry. Companies like Pfizer and glaxo have emerged as a big company over the years, which act as a product differentiation tools. So as product patents have come into play from 2005, product differentiation will enhance over the long time. Bargaining power of buyers The end user of the product is different from the influencer in pharmaceutical industry and thats the doctor. What ever the doctor say the consumer has to buy that only the consumer has no option but to buy what the doctor says. But when we look at the buyers power, we look at the influence they have on the products price. The buyer in this situation does not have much power in the pricing of the products price. But the government through its policies plays an important role in regulating the price through NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority). Bargaining Power Of Suppliers The pharmaceutical industry depends upon many organic factors. Then again the chemical industry is very competitive and fragmented. The chemicals that are used in pharmaceutical industry are mainly a commodity. The bargaining power of the suppliers is very low and a company can switch suppliers without incurring a very high cost. But however, suppliers can go forward integration to become a pharmaceutical company. Companys like orchid chemicals and sashun chemicals were basically a chemical companies which later become into pharmaceutical companys. Barriers To Entry Indian pharmaceutical industry is one of the most easily accessible industry in the country. It requires very low capital and the point of sale is restricted, as regional distribution network can be created easily. However the key for long term survival is the company has crate brand awareness and franchisee amongst doctor. In establishing new manufacturing operations, there might be some problem due to quality regulations by the government. Going forward the impending new patents regime will raise the barriers to entry. But market for generics is huge, so it wont discourage new entrance. Threat Of Substitutes Pharmaceutical industry has an infinite future. This is one of the greatest advantage of pharmaceutical industry. This is also one of the reason for high competition in the industry. The biggest advantage is that whatever happens the demand for pharmaceutical products would always be there. PESTEL ANALYSIS Political Factors The Government is controlling the price of the pharmaceutical goods through NPPA , that too on the basis of approved costs. From January 2005, there was Patent Act imposed in India. The patented drug is now manufactured using the same chemical route and is manufactured by the inventor or licentiates by using the chemicals in same specifications. So there is no difference in purity or impurities among all the brands having same active ingredient. The competition among different brands is now based on input-related innovations like packaging, colour etc. This is the biggest change that environment has imposed on the industry. The marketing effort is now more focused on innovation, operations, logistics and communications. After January 2005, the finished pharmaceutical goods became more expensive as the government started charging Excise Duty on the MRP instead of the cost of manufacturing. Due to which many a life savings drugs have become unaffordable to the poor. The minister in charge of the pharmaceutical industry in India is threatening to impose strict price control. Due to which many investment plans are going stagnant Economic Factors A very small portion of the GDP is spent on healthcare. This has stunted the demand. The expenditure on healthcare is a very low priority because per capita income of an average Indian is very low. When there is an emergency then only an Indian would visit a doctor. Due to which many unqualified doctors have started to come up and non-standardized medication have started to spread. In India there are lot of taxes. There is excise duty (State and Central), Custom Duty, Profession Tax, Service Tax, Income Tax, Royalty, License Fees, Hazardous Substance handling and other charges to be paid. This amounts to not less than 40-45% of the costs. The availability of pharmaceuticals is affected as there are few registered medical practitioners. The distribution of medicines is also affected as there are few medical shops. As a result the distribution costs also increases. The interest rate is high in India. As a result the cost of funds is double than that in America. This adds to the cost of goods. There is lack of storage and transportation facilities for special drugs. The quality of the drugs administered is affected and this adds to the costs. The network of transport (road and rail) is poor. So it takes longer time to transport. As a result the inventory carrying costs are higher and the delivery time is also very long. But now good quality highways have been constructed. Social Factors The eradicated and preventable diseases like Malaria, chicken pox and TB still prevail in India due to poverty and malnutrition. Around 1 million children under the age of 5 die each year in India due to poor sanitation n health care. People prefer using household treatments for common ailments. This tradition has been handed down for generations. The increase in pollution is also causing lot of health problems in India. Due to early child bearing the health standards of women and children are affected. Technological Factors There are being discovery for newer medications, molecules and active ingredients. Lot of advancement have been made in Stem-cell research and Bio-technology. As a result, India has moved ahead. Efficiency has also increased with computerization and advanced automated machines, increasing the output and reducing the cost factor. Ayurveda has become a well recognized science and it is providing the industry an extra competitive advantage. AIDS drugs, Insulin and Hepatitis vaccines have given the industry a pioneer status. Development of Over the Counter Drugs and Outsourcing(Pharmaceutical Industry). Â  Environmental Factors India is still ill equipped to deal with spread of Air-Borne and Water-Borne Diseases like Swine Flu, chicken gonia due to which many people is infected and many people have died. Proper treatment and disposal of bio-wastes like syringes. Proper treatment and disposal of chemical wastes produced during the manufacturing of drugs and pharmaceuticals. Pollution and hygienic conditions like poor sanitation causes diseases. Legal Factors In March 2005, a new Patent Law was passed. According to that Indias pharmaceutical sector is no longer protected by the patent law. Hence the companies have started focusing on innovation rather than imitation. The government controls the pricing of the drugs through NPPA. Key Drivers For Change 1.Growing Population And Improving Income-: the earning capacity of people have increased in the past couple of years and the proportion of middleclass in india population has also increased. As the earning capacity of people has increased there is a greater demand for medical facilities and pharmaceutical products. 2. Changing Life Style-: Rise in income and as more and more people are getting educated this has resulted in change in life style. Changing life style however is leading to a change in disease profile especially in urban areas. 3. Research And Development-: Indian companies are largely focused on chemical synthesis of molecules and their cost effective production thereof. As medical science has improve with the help of new technology Indian scientists have develop a high degree of chemical synthesis skills. This skills has help Indian company to provide quality products not only to domestic market but also has helped them to go abroad. 4. Insurance Sector Giving A Lift-: Indian insurance sector has also been one of the reason in the change in the attitude of the people towards health care. As large section of Indian population are covered by health insurance schemes people are more willing to spend on their health. Industry Life Cycle The various stages of industry life cycle are : The Indian pharmaceutical industry is in the growing stage with lot of promising increase due to the increased economic presence of Indian economy. The Indian economy is expected to grow at the rate of 7-8% per annum and the pharmaceutical industry is also expected to grow at the 14-15% per annum. Foreign companies are also now finding Indian pharmaceutical industry as a very good and profitable investment. The government of india has also been promoting and helping the pharmaceutical industry to grow in many ways. Future Scenarios One of the scenario can be as india is one of the most populated country in the world the demand for health care products and pharmaceutical products will never come down. India is the second largest populated country in the world with a large number of patients and the fourth largest pool of medical professionals in the world. As Indian economic is also improving the earning capacity of a person has also increased in couple of years this has also increased the demand for quality health care products and pharmaceutical products. With the help of rapidly improving technology and support industries such as labs and hospitals and with the help of IT industries with is supporting the RD process and clinical trials are further advantage. Big pharma companies are also been attracted because of the population of the country and the fact that the country offers 700,000 specialty hospitals,221 medical college and skilled English speaking medical personnel Another scenario can be that india can produce better quality health care products and pharmaceutical products at lesser price as compare to other country. A number of foreign companies are trying to set up there RD centers in india. From the last couple of years around 25 contract research organization and almost all the multinational companies have started there research full fledged this shows that india can become one of the largest producer of health care products and pharmaceutical products in the coming years. Reputed institutions has also been established over the last decade to train physicians in ICH-GCP guidelines. In india, big companies are spend more in india as compare to other country in the FY year 2003-04 companies have spend round about USD 59.4 where as in the previous year companies have spend only USD 29.16 million a growth of 104% when we compare it with the previous year and it is projected to grow 8-10 times every year at this rate india can become one of the largest producer of health care products and pharmaceutical products. Another scenario can be as india is a developing country there is more opportunity for the pharmaceutical industry to grow this is also one of the factor that is attracting new investors to invest in pharmaceutical industry. As India is a developing country there are less competitors in the market and the demand for the product is very high as compared to developed nations and as compared to other develop nations the margin level is also very high because the cost of production in india is very low. Company can create a good brand image about their product in the minds of the customer as there are only some competitors in the market.

WWII survivor, Elie Wiesel Essay -- Auschwitz, indifference

Indifference; a lack of sympathy. This is a word of power that describes how a person may watch or know of violence that occurs, yet not take action till it is too late. WWII survivor, Elie Wiesel, creates a dramatic speech, The Perils of Indifference, in which this one word is presented to a group of world leaders. He provides valid examples of how it is our fault, as a united people, for the evil that revealed itself in the last era. One example used in his speech is Auschwitz, a German concentration camp where its prisoners were slaughtered with no remorse from their murderers. The author, though only mentioning this place once, captures his audience as they are silently reminded of what happened and how indifference is to blame for the disaster. Auschwitz is a grand example in Elie Wiesel’s speech and shows how indifference was to blame and that the world leaders are to blame, for this one concentration camp defines that one word with accurate evidence such as by what happ ened within its walls, how the nation leaders let Hitler’s Third Reich grow, and how they did not liberate or delay it before the lives of innocent people were exterminated The horrors in Auschwitz were dark and twisted, and he uses the emotional tension to show what we let happen within those walls. Prison doctors, such as Josef Mengele, would experiment on prisoners with new types of drugs, or in pressure chambers. Mengele also conducted multiple twin dissections and would often kill for no apparent reason other than intimidation, giving him the nickname â€Å"The Angel of Death†. Between medical barracks and crematorium stood the â€Å"Black Wall†, where German soldiers executed hundreds of prisoners. But the prisoners were not only captured Jews. All who opposed H... ...ow and expand before good prevails. It has been a trait passed down generation after generation and must be eradicated in order for our race to be at its fullest. Works Cited "Auschwitz." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. N.p., 10 June 2013. Web. 13 Dec. 2013. . "Auschwitz Bombing Controversy." Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. . Bulow, Louis. "Gate to Hell, Auschwitz." Auschwitz, Nazi Death Camp. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. . "Hitler's rise and fall: Timeline." The Open University. Open University, 26 Apr. 2005. Web. 9 Jan. 2014. .

Past Exam Paper

The current liability section of the company's Balance Sheet on 30 June 2011 should show: a. Bank Loan $100,000. b. Bank Loan $500,000. c. Bank Loan $500,000, Interest Payable $50,000. d. Bank Loan $1 00,000; Interest Payable $50,000. e. Bank Loan $1 00,000; Interest Payable $20,000. 4. Ham Ltd is about to issue $30 Million of debentures with a 7% coupon rate in the public debt market. On the date of issue the market rate of interest is 6%. How much should Ham expect to receive for the issue of debentures (excluding any transaction cost). a. $30 million b. More than $30 million c.Less than $30 million d. $31 million e. The answer cannot be determined from the information given Page 1 of 18 ACCT 7101: Accounting- Final Examination, Second Semester, 2011 5. Segregation of duties involves: a. Ensuring that only employees with appropriate accounting qualifications work in the accounting department. b. Physically protecting sensitive assets. c. Providing each staff member with an individu al password. d. Ensuring payments are only made when accompanied by appropriate authorized documentation. e. Separating record-keeping from handling of assets. 6.When pperforming bank reconciliation, the ending balance on the Bank Statement should be adjusted for which of the following items to obtain the correct Cash at Bank balance? a. Dishonoured (NSF) cheques. b. Unpresented cheques. c. Errors made by the accountant. d. Interest received by the bank. e. All of the above. 7. Truckie Ltd uses the perpetual inventory system. inventory? b. Dr Accounts Receivable, Cr Sales revenue. How should it record a credit sale of a. Dr COGS, Cr Inventory; Dr Accounts Receivable, Cr Sales revenue. c. Dr Inventory, Cr COGS; Dr Accounts Receivable, Cr Sales revenue

Loyalty and deceit Essay

Book Two of Don Quixoted used to be a separate volume but was later merged into one with the first. An author named Avellaneda wrote an unauthorized version of the book. An irate Cervantes used the pirated version in his sequel. The second book is more serious in the manner in which it tackles the subject of deception. Playing true to character, in the second installment Don Quixote is as gullible and endearing character as in the first book. Don Quixote’s unbridled imagination gets him to trouble as usual and makes him the butt of jokes by wealthy patrons. Sancho’s loyalty to Don Quixote sometimes forces him to resort to deception. For instance, when Don Quixoted travelled to Taboso to visit his intended Dulcinea, Sancho tries to convince him that one of the three peasnat girls they met while traveling as Dulcinea and her ladies-in-waiting. When the Don refutes and says he sees only three peasant girls, Sancho deceives him into thinking that he suffers from a cruel spell which blinds him from the truth. Since Don Quixote cannot distinguish fact from fiction, he theorizes that the enchanters transformed Dulcinea into an ugly peasant girl. Undoing the spell on Dulcinea becoms the chief goal for Quixote in his journeys. A friend Samson Carrasco disguised as the Knight of the Mirrors so he can beat him in a swords fight so they could force him to go home safely. Unfortunately, the Don wins the duel. So Quixote and Sancho pressed on to continue their journey. Later, Don Quixote accepts an invitation to the unnamed Duke and Duchess’s palace. From Chapters XXX through LVII talks about Don Quixote and Sancho’s interactions with the Duke and Duchess. The duke and duchess accept the duo into their abode. Despite the formers’ encouragement to make them relax, Quixote and Sancho feel more uncomfortable than ever. Even if the duke and duchess appears to be social superior, their actions in these chapters reflect their shallow morality. By commanding their servants to look after Quixote and Sancho’s needs, feelings of animosity are aroused. Perhaps brought about by jealousy. The invitation extended by the duke and duchess to the cluleless Quixote and Sancho actually signals the start of an elaborate scheme to deliberately deceive the two in order to make fun of them. The duke and duchess are also abusing the help in order to carry out their cruel intents. These make them morally reprehensible and spiritualy inferior to the common classes. Don quixote fails to grasp the deception behind the duke and duchess’ actions. He was painfully unaware of the extended humiliation he is being subjected to in the guise of friendship. In Chapter XXXIII, Sancho Panza boldly declares to the duchess that believes that his master is a mad man. When asked why he continues to stay with him, he says that he truly cares for Quixote. He stays out of loyalty. He also worries about Don Quixote’s safety. These are probably the most telling lines of the story. Sancho, in his utter simplicity, proves to be compassionate and virtuous. Unlike Quixote who seems to be lost in his own world. Quixote may be virtuous but he is ignorant in the ways of men. The Duke and Duchess poke fun at Don Quixote making him a public spectacle. The conspiracy doesn’t end with Quixote but extends to Sancho as well. They pretend to come up with the antidote to Dulcinea’s enchantment even if the know the story is false by claiming that if Sancho whips himself 3,300 times, Dulcinea will go back to her old self. Don Quixote and Sancho’s adventure orchestrated by the Duke and Duchess include flying a wooden horse to slay a giant who turned the princes and her lover into metal figurines. The Duke and Duchess even arrange Sancho to govern the Island of Barataria. Sancho eventually attains what Quixote promises to him – to become governor. The imaginary island governorship bestowed by the duke and duchess enables Sancho to act out his fantasy of ruling a fictitious island. Even if what transpired is an elaborate ruse, Sancho proves to be an able ruler, very much capable of dispensing his job. His wisdom and realistic approach in solving the different problems presented to him made the townsfolk admire him. Sancho’s rule is short-lived though as he realizes after he got wounded in a make-believe battle arranged by the Duke and Duchess that he is happier as a laborer. Even if his talent for leadership caught everyone by surprise, Sancho chooses to renounce the life of a feudal governor and turns his back on the the elaborate prank played by the Duke and Duchess in a courageous demonstration of loyalty to Don Quixote. The arrogance of the Duke and the Duchess in the Second Part merely highlights the arrogance of class distinctions and sheer callousness of people from the upper class. Sancho and Teresa Panza’s wisdom which is highlighted at the end of the novel shows that old-fashioned goodness and wisdom from the common people still emerges victorious even in a world of full of deceit and cruelty. Don Quixote and Sancho’s truth and sincerity prevail over the Duke and Duchess’ fraud, deceit and malice. Sancho’s genuine service and loyalty turns him from Quixote’s servant to a good friend. Bibliography: Gradesaver, Don Quixote book ii study guide, 2009, 19 April 2009, Don Quixote Virtual Museum, Don Quixote: the story, 2009, retrieved 19 April 2009, Sparknotes, Don Quixote, 2009, retrieved 19 April 2009, Enotes, Don Quixote, http://www. enotes. com/literary-criticism/don-quixote-de-la-mancha-miguel-de-cervantes Wikipedia, Don Quixote, 2009, retrieved 19 April 2009,

A Guide to Writing Essays on Abortion

A Guide to Writing Essays on Abortion A Guide to Writing Essays on Abortion The topic of abortion is sensitive, newsworthy, and controversial. It touches the subjects of politics, law, public health, religion, sociology, and more. It is a topic that incites intense conversation and debate. It is also a topic that is discussed in many college classrooms for many different reasons. Essays on abortion are assigned in many different courses to give students the opportunity to argue their positions on the topic or to demonstrate their understanding of this issue. Some students look forward to these assignments because they have strong opinions on the issue that they are eager to share. Unfortunately these students often fall prey to many of the pitfalls of writing an essay about abortion. These include: Using overly biased sources Ignoring evidence that doesn’t support their beliefs Confusing rhetoric for fact Constructing strawmen Using belittling language when referring to those with opposing beliefs To avoid these pitfalls, double check your sources, include sources that support opposing views, concentrate on facts, debate only what the people with the opposing view have stated and not what you think they have stated, and use respectful language. Abortion Essay Topic Suggestions Here are a few suggestions for students who are looking for essay suggestions on abortion. What are the pros and cons of abortion as it relates to public health? Will people ever come to an agreement on the abortion debate? Should taxpayer money fund abortions? Would free contraceptives cut down on the number of abortions each year? Should young women under the age of 18 be able to obtain abortion services without parental consent? If a man impregnates a woman, should he have to give his consent for her to have an abortion? Write an argumentative essay, discussing whether or not you are for or against abortion past 24 weeks. Will mandatory ultra-sounds and waiting periods reduce the number of abortions? What are the risks of having an abortion? Will comprehensive sexual education programs in schools reduce the rate of teen pregnancies and abortions? What can be done to reduce the number of abortions without making it legal? Should the government fund crisis pregnancy centers? If you are against abortion, what exceptions would you allow? Write a pro choice abortion research paper on a famous individual who helped the pro choice movement. Discuss the history of Planned Parenthood Abortion Essay Assistance Between spending time choosing a topic, researching, vetting your sources, taking notes, writing, editing, and revising, you can spend several days working on your abortion essay. This is a lot of time and effort to dedicate to a single writing assignment. If you have a job, a family, or a social life, finding time to finish complex writing assignments like these can be nearly impossible. It’s no wonder that so many college students feel constantly stressed out and overwhelmed. They are just too busy! Here’s some good news! You don’t have to be that overworked student. You can simply place an order at and we will help you with your paper on abortion or any other subject.

Free Essays on Anonymity

The quality or state of being unknown or unacknowledged is called Anonymity. In her passage â€Å"The Anonymous Voice†, Esther Dyson talks about anonymity, its benefits and misuses. Esther Dyson earned her degree in economics from Harvard and then began her career as a fact checker and then a reporter for Forbes, a business magazine. The main idea of this passage is to explain why people adopt anonymity. Esther Dyson begins her article with her own anonymous role in life, and then talks more about anonymity in practice, problems with anonymity, her experience at the WELL, and true life experiments. In today’s world most of the people have second identity. Anonymity is in practice since decades. People send messages via blank calls and unsigned letters. Often a person has to play many roles in her life, in some cases she wants to be anonymous. Why? It is not necessary that anonymity is only for bad reasons, but there are also some legitimate reasons for which anonym ity is good. â€Å"Socially, anonymity is a useful mechanism for people to let off steam, explore ideas of fantasies, and hide from social disapproval with a minimum of consequences† (115). There are always two sides of the coin: the head and the tail. Some people use anonymity to avoid everyday responsibilities and challenges, to take advantages of others’ weaknesses, to betray their confidences, to misuse a totally open world, and to know others’ secrets. Esther Dyson is not on either side of anonymity. Although she is more towards the bad side of anonymity, she also had anonymous role in her own life. She says that anonymity is not a totally bad thing as long as one doesn’t misuse it. From the experience at the WELL, Dyson tries to show that how anonymity can be good or bad. On the positive side, people formed a tight little community, full of friendship and gossip, with deep friendships, and a few romances, some shared secrets and many more. On the oth... Free Essays on Anonymity Free Essays on Anonymity The quality or state of being unknown or unacknowledged is called Anonymity. In her passage â€Å"The Anonymous Voice†, Esther Dyson talks about anonymity, its benefits and misuses. Esther Dyson earned her degree in economics from Harvard and then began her career as a fact checker and then a reporter for Forbes, a business magazine. The main idea of this passage is to explain why people adopt anonymity. Esther Dyson begins her article with her own anonymous role in life, and then talks more about anonymity in practice, problems with anonymity, her experience at the WELL, and true life experiments. In today’s world most of the people have second identity. Anonymity is in practice since decades. People send messages via blank calls and unsigned letters. Often a person has to play many roles in her life, in some cases she wants to be anonymous. Why? It is not necessary that anonymity is only for bad reasons, but there are also some legitimate reasons for which anonym ity is good. â€Å"Socially, anonymity is a useful mechanism for people to let off steam, explore ideas of fantasies, and hide from social disapproval with a minimum of consequences† (115). There are always two sides of the coin: the head and the tail. Some people use anonymity to avoid everyday responsibilities and challenges, to take advantages of others’ weaknesses, to betray their confidences, to misuse a totally open world, and to know others’ secrets. Esther Dyson is not on either side of anonymity. Although she is more towards the bad side of anonymity, she also had anonymous role in her own life. She says that anonymity is not a totally bad thing as long as one doesn’t misuse it. From the experience at the WELL, Dyson tries to show that how anonymity can be good or bad. On the positive side, people formed a tight little community, full of friendship and gossip, with deep friendships, and a few romances, some shared secrets and many more. On the oth...

Invasive Species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Invasive Species - Research Paper Example The Asian Tiger Mosquito The Asian tiger mosquito is one of the most highly invasive species from Southeast Asia that has found its way to the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Pacific. The main difference between this species from the other mosquitoes is that it serves as a vector of several species of virus and it does so through its unique genetic make-up as well as its excellent adaptation to the new environment. A discussion of the nature of the Asian tiger mosquito is essential in fostering awareness of a species that has a potential to be one of the most dangerous vectors of viral diseases in this planet. Awareness of a particular dangerous species brings with it the responsibility to help prevent its spread and cooperation with authorities in mitigating its harm. Findings The Asian tiger mosquito, or Aedes albopictus, is known as a vector of several emerging diseases that were once native to Southeast Asia, where the said mosquito originated, and its niche is a parasite. It is mainly an invasive species anywhere in the world except in Southeast Asia, where it is native and original (Roiz et al., 2011). The transportation of eggs mainly through used tires and Lucky Bamboo plants was the only way this insect could have spread to America, the Indo-Pacific regions, Europe and Africa. Since the first record of its presence in Italy in Genoa in 1990 during the late summer, the mosquito is believed to have spread to the rest of Italy and Europe (Roiz et al., 2011). The first discovery of the species in Europe was as early as 1979 in Albania but the country hardest hit by the invasion was Italy with around 200 cases alone in the summer of 2007. In the United States, the discovery of the mosquito was a few years later in Memphis, Tennessee in 1983 and in the next 25 years, 36 U.S. states have been invaded including several countries in Central and South America with Brazil experiencing its first Asian tiger mosquito bite in 1986. The Asian tiger mosquito is an ag gressive daytime biter and is called â€Å"tiger† because of its bright white stripes. As a native of Southeast Asia, it used to be a dominant insect in the natural reservoirs including tree holes, vases, pots, buckets and vegetation. Moreover, the millions of tires shipped each year between Japan and Germany and the United States because of the use of recaps and the strict rules governing wear and tear of these tires may actually contain water that could hold Asian tiger mosquito larvae and more importantly eggs that are drought-resistant and can survive a comfortable, sheltered journey until they reach their destination (Enserink, 2008). One change that the Asian tiger mosquito has brought to the native and invaded ecosystems was disease. The Asian tiger mosquito is responsible for dengue and chikungunya fever. The chikungunya virus was believed to have undergone a single-nucleotide genetic mutation in the Indian mutation outbreak order for it to be able to use the Asian ti ger mosquito as a vector (Enserink, 2008). However, although the species is less invasive than the Aedes aegypti in spreading dengue, the Asian tiger mosquito is becoming increasingly important because its global distribution is rapidly changing. Other outbreaks of diseases caused by the Asian tiger mosquito include the dengue outbreaks in Hawaii from 2001 to 2002, in China in 2004, in Madagascar in 2006, and in Gabon

Marketing Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Profile - Essay Example Dew, Sierra Mist, Mirinda are carnbonated drinks and non carbonated beverages and nutrient brands include Tropicana fruit juices, Quaker Oats, Aquafina fresh water and Gatorade are highly popular. It uses competitive pricing and offers snacks and beverages in various format and sizes to meet the needs and affordability of it segmented market. It exploits market opportunities through innovative market strategies and distribution channels (Nickles, McHugh & McHugh, 2010). It supplies low calorie beverages and fruit juices to schools and has huge network of distributors to sell its various products. The major supermarket chain, hotels and retailers etc. are important distributors who are provided financial incentives based on volume sale or product placement fee (pepsicoAR, 2010). Pepsoco uses market mix to promote its products. It has used myriad media to promote its products and adopted appealing slogans through intense culturally sensitive advertising to exploit customers’ sentiments. Apart from hoardings, television and radio advertising, it also sponsors sports and cultural events as promotion gimmick. Most importantly, it is using technology to reach wider consumer base. Through social networking like facebook, Youtube, flikr etc. has significantly contributed to its competitive advantage within the

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example Today most of the Organisations are found to be engaged in preparation to ensure their existence. As it was seen in the case of Air National which got privatized by the government of Britain as a result of which the company faced all of the sudden increase in the competitive forces due to other private companies in the airline industry. The company also lost the political strengths and influences which acted as substantial support to Air National (Bratton & Gold, 2001). During this adverse business condition the organization initially worked for its survival but parallel to that it also considered its growth which is achieved through the strategic approaches. To meet the technological challenges raised by the business environment Organisations could adopt approaches of SHRM under which they can develop their workforce by providing substantial training and skill development support (Delbridge, Gratton, & Johnson, 2006).As strategic HRM interventions, organizations should design their recruitment policy in a way that best suits crisis control. Organisations should try and find skilled and competent candidates for critical positions (Anonymous-c, n.d.) so that additional cost of training and development can be saved. The management should also ensure that the employee base it is left with post-downsizing consist of the most competent, efficient and talented employees. As these employees are rich with experience, targeted programs will be sufficient for their need-based training and development.

Law and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law and the Media - Essay Example Cultural lag is getting shorter and shorter and the body of law has to adopt the pace so defined. This aspect is much more prominent in case of media where this pace can even be seen with the naked eyes. Media in the world has grown into an established economy in past few decades with its revenues becoming more than many nation states. Laws in this regard are also adopted and changed regularly to meet the complexities emerging in every day life. Enactments by the legislature, rules and regulations by respective departments and legal precedents are important factors in such changes. In the recent case of Fisher (original respondent and cress appellant) vs. Broker and other (original Appellants and cross-respondent) contractual obligations arising out of copyright and royalty agreements - both in express and implied terms- have been dealt in length and this case has given new dimensions to media law. In the below discussion we will discuss the details of the case in detail while lookin g at its implication for the media law. This case is about the copyrights and ownership of an all times hit song which was recorded in year 1967 by a band Procol Harum comprising of respondents of the appeal. Methew Fisher, plaintiff of the case joined the band soon after the first recording of the song, but the recording contract was agreed after inclusion of plaintiff in the band as organist. Plaintiff had contributed to the song by introducing a composition of organ solo at the start of the song which acted as counter melody through out the song. During the proceedings of the suit judge rated the contribution of the plaintiff as 40% of the total work. Before inclusion of plaintiff into the band, respondents, Mr. Brooker and Mr. Reid had entered into a contract of copyrights with Essex for the royalty of the song. It is observed that initial recording was made before the joining of

Garrett Hardin's The Tragedy of the Commons. W7 disc Essay

Garrett Hardin's The Tragedy of the Commons. W7 disc - Essay Example By procreation, an adult couple locks up a portion of the common resources for the sustenance of the child. This includes the air, water, food and other material necessities that the child would require for survival. But people don’t aspire to merely survive – they want to ‘enjoy’ life’s comforts. So, the process of procreation also locks up more valuable natural resources for the child. Hence, the population problem is a core issue concerning the commons. Published first in 1968, Hardin’s essay displays foresight and identifies an emerging socio-political problem. In the four decades that has elapsed since it was first written, the population of the world has nearly doubled, making the relevance and intensity of the issues raised more acute. Citing the example of the pastoral commons, Hardin correctly points out how, if each herdsman looks after only his own interests, the common meadows will soon get ruined due to over grazing. In a world where resources are infinite, or its consumption is negligible (as when the population is too low), such unfettered consumption of resources makes logical sense for the individual and also the society. In this scenario, not only do the individual and his immediate community prosper, but the species is also propagated, constituting a common good. But the equation changes quickly, once resources become scarce, whereby the consumers feel the ‘finite’ nature of what they use. In thi s scenario, an individual looking after himself and his immediate community is no longer practically viable or morally proper. It is easy to transpose this argument concerning the common pastures to the population question. By analogy and deduction, it becomes quite clear that individuals/parents can no longer be afforded the right to procreate for their own interests. The idea of receiving government sanctions

International Management Ethics and Values Essay - 1

International Management Ethics and Values - Essay Example She’s frequently hungry and almost always tired, she said. â€Å"Living and working like this, by the time you are twenty, you are already old, and your health is failing. When you reach thirty, they fire you. It is not just. I have no savings. I have nothing.† Akter came to Washington to tell her story as a coalition of civic, labour and religious organizations launched a public campaign seeking to highlight what it calls labour abuses in Bangladesh and other poor nations. Spearheading the push is Charles Kernaghan, the labour activist who exposed poor working conditions at Central American factories that made goods for the Kathie Lee Gifford clothing line. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. spokesman Bill Wertz acknowledged there have been â€Å"violations of working hour standards† at the factory where Akter works. He said the retail giant is trying to work with the suppliers to make improvements. If the manufacturer doesn’t shape up, Wertz said, Wal-Mart may sever i ts ties to the factory. â€Å"We can’t condone certain kinds of practices and won’t do business with companies that fail to improve,† he said. That’s what Akter is afraid of. If Wal-Mart terminates its purchasing agreements with the factory, she and her co-workers could find themselves without jobs. Lisa Rahman, nineteen, of Dhaka, Bangladesh, said that’s what happened at the factory where she used to work after she and other workers began complaining about bad working conditions, including twelve hour workdays, filthy restrooms and unsanitary drinking water. She worked at the Shah Makhdum factory, which made goods for Walt Disney Co., including clothing in its Winnie the Pooh line. â€Å"I was crying all the time,† she said. After workers at the plant complained and took their woes to the media, Disney pulled out of the factory, leaving 200 employees out of work, she said. Mark Spears, Disney’s compliance director, said the company h as â€Å"experienced poor conditions, in Bangladesh.† When the company investigated the allegations, it found that conditions were not as serious as workers had alleged. But its subcontractor decided to cease buying goods from the manufacturer. â€Å"Clearly the publicity may not have helped,† Spears said. Kernaghan said the ease with which multinational corporations relocate has a chilling effect on the willingness of workers to speak out about what he said are widespread abuses of workers in many poor countries. He said he has been urging Disney and other companies to stay and work to improve conditions rather than exit quickly to avoid bad publicity. â€Å"All it would take is one word from Michael Eisner,† Disney’s chairman and CEO, and the jobs could return to the factory where Rahman worked, he said. â€Å"Bangladesh has good labour laws,† said officials from the country. â€Å"It is unlikely any factories would permit such poor working cond itions,† they added. â€Å"Can a person work eighteen hours a day?† said Mohammed G. Hussain, commerce counsellor for Bangladesh’s embassy in Washington. â€Å"It’s impossible.† The officials questioned why Kernaghan and his associates are raising the sweatshop issue publicly, pointing out that it could affect employment in the deeply impoverished nation, where 40 percent of adults are unemployed. Adapted from K.G. Grimsley, â€Å"‘Already Old’ In Bangladesh†, The Washington Post, 25 September 2002, as reprinted in J.K. Milne, Ethics for International Business

Law and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law and the Media - Essay Example Cultural lag is getting shorter and shorter and the body of law has to adopt the pace so defined. This aspect is much more prominent in case of media where this pace can even be seen with the naked eyes. Media in the world has grown into an established economy in past few decades with its revenues becoming more than many nation states. Laws in this regard are also adopted and changed regularly to meet the complexities emerging in every day life. Enactments by the legislature, rules and regulations by respective departments and legal precedents are important factors in such changes. In the recent case of Fisher (original respondent and cress appellant) vs. Broker and other (original Appellants and cross-respondent) contractual obligations arising out of copyright and royalty agreements - both in express and implied terms- have been dealt in length and this case has given new dimensions to media law. In the below discussion we will discuss the details of the case in detail while lookin g at its implication for the media law. This case is about the copyrights and ownership of an all times hit song which was recorded in year 1967 by a band Procol Harum comprising of respondents of the appeal. Methew Fisher, plaintiff of the case joined the band soon after the first recording of the song, but the recording contract was agreed after inclusion of plaintiff in the band as organist. Plaintiff had contributed to the song by introducing a composition of organ solo at the start of the song which acted as counter melody through out the song. During the proceedings of the suit judge rated the contribution of the plaintiff as 40% of the total work. Before inclusion of plaintiff into the band, respondents, Mr. Brooker and Mr. Reid had entered into a contract of copyrights with Essex for the royalty of the song. It is observed that initial recording was made before the joining of

International Management Ethics and Values Essay - 1

International Management Ethics and Values - Essay Example She’s frequently hungry and almost always tired, she said. â€Å"Living and working like this, by the time you are twenty, you are already old, and your health is failing. When you reach thirty, they fire you. It is not just. I have no savings. I have nothing.† Akter came to Washington to tell her story as a coalition of civic, labour and religious organizations launched a public campaign seeking to highlight what it calls labour abuses in Bangladesh and other poor nations. Spearheading the push is Charles Kernaghan, the labour activist who exposed poor working conditions at Central American factories that made goods for the Kathie Lee Gifford clothing line. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. spokesman Bill Wertz acknowledged there have been â€Å"violations of working hour standards† at the factory where Akter works. He said the retail giant is trying to work with the suppliers to make improvements. If the manufacturer doesn’t shape up, Wertz said, Wal-Mart may sever i ts ties to the factory. â€Å"We can’t condone certain kinds of practices and won’t do business with companies that fail to improve,† he said. That’s what Akter is afraid of. If Wal-Mart terminates its purchasing agreements with the factory, she and her co-workers could find themselves without jobs. Lisa Rahman, nineteen, of Dhaka, Bangladesh, said that’s what happened at the factory where she used to work after she and other workers began complaining about bad working conditions, including twelve hour workdays, filthy restrooms and unsanitary drinking water. She worked at the Shah Makhdum factory, which made goods for Walt Disney Co., including clothing in its Winnie the Pooh line. â€Å"I was crying all the time,† she said. After workers at the plant complained and took their woes to the media, Disney pulled out of the factory, leaving 200 employees out of work, she said. Mark Spears, Disney’s compliance director, said the company h as â€Å"experienced poor conditions, in Bangladesh.† When the company investigated the allegations, it found that conditions were not as serious as workers had alleged. But its subcontractor decided to cease buying goods from the manufacturer. â€Å"Clearly the publicity may not have helped,† Spears said. Kernaghan said the ease with which multinational corporations relocate has a chilling effect on the willingness of workers to speak out about what he said are widespread abuses of workers in many poor countries. He said he has been urging Disney and other companies to stay and work to improve conditions rather than exit quickly to avoid bad publicity. â€Å"All it would take is one word from Michael Eisner,† Disney’s chairman and CEO, and the jobs could return to the factory where Rahman worked, he said. â€Å"Bangladesh has good labour laws,† said officials from the country. â€Å"It is unlikely any factories would permit such poor working cond itions,† they added. â€Å"Can a person work eighteen hours a day?† said Mohammed G. Hussain, commerce counsellor for Bangladesh’s embassy in Washington. â€Å"It’s impossible.† The officials questioned why Kernaghan and his associates are raising the sweatshop issue publicly, pointing out that it could affect employment in the deeply impoverished nation, where 40 percent of adults are unemployed. Adapted from K.G. Grimsley, â€Å"‘Already Old’ In Bangladesh†, The Washington Post, 25 September 2002, as reprinted in J.K. Milne, Ethics for International Business

Interm Acct Essay Example for Free

Interm Acct Essay 1. What is the defining distinction between for-profit businesses and not-for-profit, including governments? What are the implications of this distinction for financial reporting? Governments and not-for-profits provide services that are targeted to groups of constituents who advocate a political or social cause or who carry out research or other activities for the betterment of society. The objectives of governments and not-for-profits cannot generally e expressed in dollars and cents and are often ambiguous. Government and not-for-profit have relationships (unlike with a business) with the parties providing their resources. 2. Why is the budget a far more important document in both governments and not-for-profits than it is in businesses? Revenues and expenditures are controlled or strongly influenced through the budgetary process. 3. What is meant by â€Å"interperiod equity†? What is its consequences for financial reporting? The term interperiod equity is the concept that emphasizes that entities should not transfer costs eve to future years, let alone future generations. 4. Why may the â€Å"matching concept† be less relevant for governments and not-for-profits than it is for businesses? 5. What is the significance for financial reporting of the many restrictions that are placed upon a government’s resources? 6. Why is it difficult to develop accounting principles that are appropriate for governments within the same category and even more difficult to develop them for governments within different categories? 7. What is the significance for financial reporting of a government’s power to tax? How does it affect the government’s overall financial strength? 8. Why has it proven especially difficult to establish accounting principles that enable governments to satisfy all three elements of GASB’s first objective of financial reporting in a single statement of revenue and expenditures or balance sheet?

How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay

How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay The beginning of the 21rst century started with big scandals that raised some issues on corporate social responsibility and on ethics policies inside companies. This essay says about the how important is it companies to be seen as ethicals today? Yes because it will cause to a win-win situation for everybody concerned. If a company having and maintaining ethical standards will guarantee consumers and workers that they could belief the company. Meanwhile, Companies could be rest guaranteed that, with the belief of their stakeholders, their business will continue to develop. Companies dont have to be legally but they can do morally Public interest in business has never been higher than it has is currently. In considering the past thirty years of business ethics experiences, two conclusions may be drawn. attention in business ethics has heightened during each past forty decades. Interest in business ethics and corporate social responsibility seems to have been spurred by major headline grabbing scandals.( Sims 2003) This essay traces the basic ideas of ethics and applied ethics fuscous on company ethics theoretical view, and the important of ethical behaviours, and steps for developing an effective code of ethics, business ethics in global economy And some more further informations are contains in this essay. Definition of Ethics The theory has come to mean various things to various people, but generally in the context of organizations coming to know what it right or wrong in the workplace and doing whats right this is in observe to effects of products/services and in relationships with stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, and local/national community. In times of fundamental change, values that were previously taken for granted are now strongly questioned. For example, life long employment is considered one of the best policies of organizations. However in the changed competitive situations we find that downsizing, delivering, outsourcing production systems raise questions about the fundamental premise of previously laid down good practices. Consequently, there is no clear moral compass to guide leaders through complex problems about what is right or wrong. Attention to ethics in the workplace sensitizes leaders and staff to how they should act. Perhaps most important, attention to ethics i n the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are struggling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass.(web 1) What is business ethics? Business ethics focuses on what is right and wrong behaviour in the business word. It has to do with how businesses apply moral and ethical principles to situations that arise in the work place. Because business decision makers must often address more complex ethical issues in the work place than they face in their personal lives, business ethics is more complicated than personal ethics. (Roger 2009) Why business ethics is necessary During the early part of the 2000s, the United kingdom public was shocked as one business ethics scandal after another became headline news. Business ethics is necessary for companies, business ethical is vital not because it is fashionable though business can ill afford to ignore anything, however silly, which seriously influences the market in which it operates, rather business ethics is necessary because ethical choices are unavoidable. The business ethics challenge is to make that predictable ethical decision making explicit so as to make it better. Far from being anti business, business ethics actually provides essential support for maximising long term owner value (MALACHOWSKI A 1997) Ethical behaviour report in UK. According To IBE research in UK Sixty percent of people dont trust business leaders to tell the truth. The public wants business to behave more fairly, ethically, and increasingly, a commitment to ethical practice is a standard for stakeholders. Having a code of ethics is a powerful tool, but only if it is rooted in the core values of the business. According to MORI research in 2009 theyfound that 80% of the public believe that large companies have a moral responsibility to societybut 61% also thought large companies dont really care Reflecting this, companies following a code of ethics were found, over five years, to have outperformed those who did not, according to  IBE research in April 2003. 90% of FTSE 100 have a code- but only 43% of FTSE 250 businesses do While 90% of FTSE 100 companies have a code of ethics or business conducts, only 43% of those in the FTSE 250 have codes. Quality varies from excellent to poor and having a code is no assurance that it will be followed. To be effective a code needs to be set in into a company.(web 2) Why should a company Be Ethical? There is already something odd about this question. It is like asking, Why are bachelors unmarried? They are unmarried by definition. If they were married, they would not be bachelors. It is the same with ethics. To say that one should do something is another way of saying it is ethical. If it is not ethical, then one should not do it. (web2) An organization has to be ethical in its behaviour because it has to exist in the competitive world. We can find a number of reasons for being ethical in behaviour. Few of them given below: most people want to be ethical in their business dealings. Values give management credibility with its employees. Only perceived moral righteousness and social concern brings employment respect. Values help better decision making. There are some reasons why business should seen as ethically To protect its own interest To protect the interest of the business community as a whole so that the public will have trust it To keep its commitment to society to act ethically To meet stakeholders expectations To prevent harm to the general public To build trust with key stakeholder groups To protect there own reputations To protect their own employees and create an environment in which workers can act in ways consistent their values Besides, if a corporation reneges in its agreements and expected others to keep theirs, What are the benefits form managing ethics? Several advantages accrue to an enterprise if it is managed ethically. They are following Attention to business ethics has substantially improved society: establishment of anti trust laws, unions, and other regulatory bodies has contributed to the development of society. There was a time when discriminations and abuse of employees were high, the fight equality and fairness in workplace ended up in establishing certain low which benefited the society Ethical practice has contributed towards high productivity and strong team work: Organization being collection of individuals, the values reflected will be different from that of the organization. Constant check and dialogue will ensure that the value of the employee matches the values of the organisation. This will in turn result in better cooperation and increased productivity. Changing situations requires ethical education: during unstable times, when confusion becomes the order of the day. One must have clear ethical guidelines to take right decisions. Ethical training will be of great help in those situations. Such training will enable managers manning corporations to anticipate situations and equip themselves face them directly. Ethical practices create strong public image: organizations with strong ethical practices will possess a strong image along with the public. This image would lead to strong and continued loyalty of employees, consumers and general public. Conscious implementation of ethics in organizations becomes the cornerstone for the success and image of the organization. It is because of this ethical perception that the employees of TESCO and the general public protested in 1977 when the minister for industries attempted to nationalized the company in India. Strong ethical practices act as an insurance: if a company have strong ethical practices of the organization are an added advantage for the future function of the business. In the long run, it would benefit if the organization is equipped to withstand the competition (Fernando 2009) Steps for a company wishing to develop its own corporate ethics programme 1) Find a champion The Chief executive officer is organized to drive the introduction of a business ethics policy, the chances of it being a useful tool are not high. 2) Get support from the Chairman and the Board Corporate values and ethics are matters of control. The board must be enthusiastic not only about having such a policy but also about receiving regular reports on its operation. 3) Find out what bothers people basically supporting a standard code or copying that of another will not suffice. It is important to find out on what topics employees require guidance. 4) Pick a well-tested model Use a agenda which addresses issues as they affect different constituents or shareholders of the company such ad shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, and local/national community 5) Produce a company code of conduct This should be distributed in booklet form, company internet, annual report. Guidance on how the code works should also be included. 6) Try it out first The code needs piloting perhaps with a sample of employees drawn from all levels and different locations. An external party such as the Institute of Business Ethics will comment on drafts. 7) Issue the code and make it known Publish and send the code to all employees, suppliers and others. State publicly that the company has a code and carrying out programme that covers the whole company. Put it on your Web Site and send it to joint-venture and other partners. 8) Make it work Practical examples of the code in action should be introduced into all company internal (and external) training programmes as well as induction courses. Managers should sign off on the code regularly and a review mechanism should be established. A code master needs to be appointed.(web 3) Conclusion In this essay illustrates How important is it for companies today to be seen as ethical, in this competitive business world ethical behaviours are very important, because consumers education level and the ethical behaviour point of thoughts are high these days, and the media such as news papers, radios , television channels and the social networks(face book) all are highlight and focus companies un ethical behaviours. How ever now days people also like to deal with ethical companies. Consumers social and environmental view highly increased in the recent years, so companies should be seen like as ethical today.

Essay --

Let’s Improve our Writing through Reading Do you know that successful and famous writers read a lot! They read different types of materials ranging from books, magazine, newspapers etc. Why do they read a lot? Does that indicate something and have a meaning? Reading a lot help the reader to understand and get the art of language. In addition, it helps the reader appreciate the finer words. Reading a variety of written materials motivates the reader. It helps the reader to identify a gap which provides the reader with a chance to address the issue that has not been addressed by other writers, while failure to read variety of written materials limits a person’s vocabulary. This might kill the dream of becoming a successful writer. A person yearning to become an author must make reading a habit and personal passion. This is through looking for reading materials and creating much time to reflect on the reading. Students must be ready to read widely. This is through combining both old and current pieces of writing. This would help students to understand the progress that has been made by authors. This is important in helping the reader to come up with a unique piece of writing that will catch the attention of people and make a change in the society. Reading increases students’ confidence, knowledge, skills, and strategies. As a result, for students to become successful writers they need to read a lot; write down and note as many point and vocabularies as possible and sharpen both reading and writing skills as much as possible. When a student is young, the student is unable to write effectively, as the student is exposed to reading materials, the writing skills become more effective. This is the case for a person or student who is pl... ...s and journal etc. to obtain new ideas in different and variety of fields, learn new vocabularies and fall in love with writing. When reading, it’s important to write down and note the important points and ideas. In addition, it’s important to write down your own thoughts and ideas as they come. These are important in composing your ideas into a piece of writing. When reading, ensure that you analyze the character, plot or theme. This is through breaking down the book. As a reader, you should analyze why the writer make the choices in his book, how did the character convey their qualities and how did the book start of lay out the whole plot. In addition, it’s important to understand how the theme was portrayed in the book. This helps reader to be able to understand how to draft an attractive theme, plot and qualities of the characters. This makes you a great writer.

Panama :: Essays Papers

Panama The official name of Panama is the Republic of Panama or (Repà ºblica de Panamà ¡). Panama is located on the narrowest and lowest part of the Isthmus of Panama that links North America and South America. This part of the isthmus is situated between 7 ° and 10 ° north latitude and 77 ° and 83 ° west longitude. Panama is slightly smaller than South Carolina, approximately 77,082 square kilometers. The country’s two coastlines are referred to as the Caribbean and Pacific, rather than the north and south coasts. To the east is Colombia and to the west Costa Rica. Pacific. Dominant features of their landform is highlands forming the continental divide. The higher elevations near borders with Costa Rica and Colombia. The highest point in the country is the Volcà ¡n Barà º which rises to almost 3,500 meters. The lowest elevation is in the middle of the country where it is crossed by the Panama Canal. Most of the population is on the Pacific side of the divide. The population of the country is around 2.8 million with a growth rate of 1.5%. The racial and ethnic groups are 65% mestizo, 14% African descent, 10% Spanish descent, 10% Indian. The religion is 85% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant, and 5% Islamic. Spanish is the official language, though United States influence and the canal zone reinforce the use of English as a second language. Panama's arts show its ethnic mix. Indian tribes, West Indian groups, mestizos, Chinese, Middle Eastern, Swiss, Yugoslav and North American immigrants have all offer contributed ingredients to the culture. Traditional arts are woodcarving, weaving, ceramics and mask-making. The capital city is Panama City with major cities of Colon, Bocas del Toro, Potobelo, El porvenir, Santiago, Tocumen, La Palma, David, Balboa, and el Dorado. Political culture traditionally characterized by personalism, the tendency to give one's political loyalties to an individual rather than to a party. Politics from 1968 until his death in 1981 dominated by General Omar Torrijos Herrera, Their form of government is Executive under provisions of their 1972 Constitution, as amended in 1978 and 1983. The chief executive is president of the republic, he is assisted by two vice presidents, all elected by popular vote for five-year terms. The unit of currency is the Balboa which is equal to the United States dollar. Balboas are available only in coins.

Importance of Baptism

Importance of Baptism It has great significance. It is an outward symbol of an inner change and transformation that is supposed to take place beforehand. It is an act of sincerity and purity. So what exactly is this? – Baptism. In Christianity, Baptism is very important and signifies the beginning of a new life. It takes a lot of courage and fortitude to make this decision. Baptism is very important. Jesus said â€Å"If anyone desires to come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me. (Luke 9:23). Baptism goes hand in hand with this scripture from the bible. When one is baptized, he or she is making a decision to stand with God and not conform to traditional values/ways of the society. They’re making a decision to start afresh and be renewed. Also, they are to leave behind their past life as quoted in the scripture. â€Å"Therefore put to death your members which are on the earth: fornication, uncleanness, passion, evil desire, and cov etousness, which is idolatry. † (Colossians 3:5)So why exactly is baptism important? Well, It is very important to understand that baptism guarantees no one an entrance into the gates of heaven. If there isn’t true conversion, being baptized would be meaningless. In the bible, Jesus said, â€Å"He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned. † (Mark 16:16). It is obvious that baptism is very important to Jesus. It is also an important role to one, as a Christian. Since it was important to him, it should be important to us followers.The best and very significant quote from the bible that explains how important baptism is is in Matthew 28:19-20. This is also very important due to the fact that it was one of Jesus’ closing words here on earth. It says, â€Å"†Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Teaching them to observe all t hings whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen. â€Å"

Hamlet: The Controversy of Ophelia Essay

During the Elizabethan period women were not known to have important roles in society. They followed men and devoted their lives to their men . Women didn’t have much say or play significant roles in society. It was mandatory for them to obey a â€Å"dominant code of ethics that prescribed chaste, silent, and obedient Renaissance women† (Pebworth 76). This stereotype stayed consistent for hundreds of years to come and has carried on through different generations, reaching the point where it has become traditional. In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, his character Ophelia is a victim to this stereotype. Many feminist reading this play would disagree with or dislike the actions of Ophelia, stating that she is much weaker than the real character of a female. (Ophelia; a beautiful young woman who is regularly involved in conflicts but doesn’t know how to solve them or stand up for herself. ) She continuously turns to men for advice who basically control her life and alter her decisions. Shakespeare makes Ophelia consist of only one strong trait, her beauty. She lacks authority and self-respect because her male influences instruct her life and ultimately drive her insane which eventually leads to her suicide. â€Å"Throughout the play, Ophelia has her opinions and statements recast for her by other characters – namely, Laertes, Hamlet, and Polonius – who wish her to behave in a manner they deem appropriate. To mention just one example, upon hearing from Ophelia that Hamlet has been courting her, Polonius recasts Ophelia’s view of the relationship as one in which Hamlet ruthlessly exploits her naivete so that he may conquer her sexually,†(Peterson 24.) Strangely enough, her brother and father advise her about her relationship and without any consideration about her own feelings or opinion she follows their advice which is more so instruction. Laertes says, â€Å"Perhaps he loves you now and now no soil nor cautel doth besmirch the virtue of his will: but you must fear, his greatness weighed, his will is not his own†¦. ,† (I,III 14-17. ) Laertes harshly tells Ophelia to not have high expectations for Hamlet because his love will not last since he is at such a high position as Prince. Ophelia listens and obeys her brother. After Laertes leaves, Polonius talks to Ophelia about Prince Hamlet. â€Å"Set your entreatments at a higher rate than command to parle; for Lord Hamlet believe so much in him that he is young, and with a larger tether may he walk than may be given you: in few Ophelia, do not believe his vows, for they are brokers†¦ â€Å"(I,IV 123-127. ) Polonius also tells Ophelia to stay away from Hamlet, she replies; â€Å"I shall obey, my lord,†(I,IV 135. ) Her brother and father seem to form a dictatorship to control Ophelia’s life. She helplessly follows their commands. Hamlet is quite frustrated at the fact that Ophelia obeys her father. He makes the comparison of Gertrude marrying her dead husband’s brother and Ophelia choosing her father’s side instead of going with her instinct. He makes the conclusion that all women are defenseless and worthless. Later in the play, Ophelia suffers from Hamlet’s act of â€Å"antic disposition. † Hamlet verbally abuses her and severely hurts her emotionally. According to literary critic, Amanda Mabillard, Ophelia â€Å"is incapable of defending herself, but through her timid responses we clearly see her intense suffering. † Hamlet rudely claims that he never loved Ophelia. Hamlet: I did love you once. /Ophelia: Indeed, my, lord, you made me believe so. / Hamlet: You should not have believed me†¦ I loved you not. /Ophelia: I was the more deceived, (III, 1, 115-120. ) Not only does this hurt Ophelia emotionally but Hamlet’s act of insanity drastically confuses Ophelia. Polonius believes Hamlet is madly in love with Ophelia but Hamlet admits that he never loved her at all. â€Å"Another example concerns Hamlet’s false madness. Through it, he gives unrestrained vent to inward pain regarding moral corruption, regardless of the shattering effect of his words on his auditors. Indeed, Ophelia becomes the primary victim of such onslaught,† (Levy 53. ) Hamlet’s act of insanity contradicts the idea of him being in love with Ophelia. Now that Polonius’s assumption has been proven wrong, Ophelia has no one to turn to for advice. Since she was so accustomed from receiving advice from her brother and father she is lost and nearly clueless about what to do. Ophelia is driven to more confusion as her conversation with Hamlet proceeds; â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery, † why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest†¦ ,†(III, 1, 122-123.) After Hamlet tells Ophelia he never loved her and wants nothing to with her, he then tells her to go to a nunnery. In further meaning, he doesn’t want to be with her but he doesn’t want anybody else to have her. This indicates Hamlet’s true feelings for Ophelia which he is hiding through this act of insanity to side track the people who were told by Claudius to investigate this act. Such as Polonius, Claudius, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern. This leaves Ophelia hurt and puzzled about the situation. At this point Ophelia doesn’t know what she wants nor what Hamlet wants. She has no idea why Hamlet’s behavior has changed so abruptly. Everything that was in her favor has reversed, causing a state of depression. Later in the play, Hamlet accidently kills Polonius mistaking him for King Claudius. Ophelia’s depression drastically increases, she is heartbroken, terrified, and distraught. The man she loves killed the man who was the main structure of her life. She is completely lost. The tension of these events begin to take a toll on Ophelia. Hamlet’s act of insanity actually creates a sense of insanity within Ophelia. It is clear to see that Hamlet had the most affect on Ophelia. Later she is enclosed in a padded room, she sings songs, rhymes, and riddles about death; â€Å"he is dead and gone lady, he is dead and gone, at his head a grass-green turf, at his heels stone. † (IV, 4, 37. ) Ophelia sings and shows signs of joyfulness as a way of mourning her father’s death, instead of being sad. Her madness is very apparent, she is very much insane, she can no longer cope with the rest of society. With no structure and a broken heart, her life goes through a drastic change. She goes from a normal lifestyle to a confused and emotionally damaged life. She then reaches the point of severe depression and insanity which causes her to enter a different state of mind. The character Ophelia never gains a true identity, she is influenced by the men in her life. The choices she makes reflect their desires. By them making her decisions and criticizing her actions she never actually gets the chance to live her life. She lives accordingly to the men. Later, Ophelia is found dead in a brook. Many will say that this proves her weakness of dealing with adversity. However, her suicide was ultimately caused by the males who she interacts with throughout the play. Their commands and actions cause stress and emotional pain which breaks down who Ophelia is as a person. Frankly she can no longer deal with these circumstances. She is not driven insane because of a weakness in females, Hamlet, Laertes, and Polonius destroy her life, slowly but surely. Works Cited Text: Roberts V. Edgar, and Jacobs V. Henry. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. , 2007 Electronic: â€Å"Hamlet: Ophelia’s Death. † Scribd. 11 March  http://www.scribd.com/doc/33947/Hamlet-Ophelias-Death

Adverse effects of flood in Pakistan

Adverse effects of flood in Pakistan Executive Summary: The Flood of 2010 which affected around 20 million people in Pakistan directly and left them homeless have been the worst flood that Pakistan and the world has ever seen. The research was conducted on the subject of â€Å"adverse effects of flood in Pakistan† and how it has affected our agriculture, banks, economy, imports and exports. The research was basically exploratory in nature in which we gathered articles from various institutions, organizations and newspapers. There is so much material available on the topic that it became a challenge for us to remain specific and to the point. One more problem was that due to many sources there were a clash in the facts & figures so we have taken out the reliable resources in order to make it less confusing. The research concluded that the flood has caused unprecedented devastation to Pakistan’s economy, agriculture, infrastructure, imports/exports and above all, to human lives and dignity. Not only 20 mill ion have to be given food and shelter but for the long term the government and the people have to create jobs so that they can stand on their own feet again. Introduction Natural Disaster is the effect of natural hazards which includes flood, tornado, volcano eruption, earthquake or landslide that affects the environment, leads to financial, environmental and/or human losses. It is terrible event that is not caused by human activity and results in deaths, injuries or damage to property. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster, and their resilience. This perceptive is concentrated in the formulation: disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability .A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The term natural has therefore been disputed because the events simply are not hazards or disasters without human involvement. Natural disasters which occur due to the change of plate tectonics are earthquakes, volcanoes, geyser eruptions and tsunami. These different types of natural disasters have taken away millions of lives and have caused trillions of dollars in terms of financial losses. The recent flood in Pakistan was one of the worst natural disasters in Pakistan’s history and in world’s history. It was one of the biggest disasters that the world have ever experienced not in terms of death but in terms of people affected, area affected and in terms of financial losses that occurred. Almost one- eighth of the population was directly affected by flood. The floods that recently caused great damage to Pakistan had more impact than the combine impact of tsunami in 2004, Haiti earthquake in 2010 and Earthquake of 2005 that affected northern areas of Pakistan. The affected people in these combine three disasters were around 11 million people but in the recent flood affected around 20 million people across Paki stan. Pakistan has experienced floods and the details of those floods are provided below: Flood in September 1992 affected 12 million people Flood in August 1992 affected 6 million people Flood in August 1976 affected 5 million people

The Rule of Six of Film Editing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Rule of Six of Film Editing - Essay Example I believe that what Murch quintessentially intends to say in The Rule of Six is that while working in the cutting room, and editor ought to pay heed to one’s heart and intuition and opt for a cut that one finds most compelling. Many times while being in the cutting room, an editor may come across situations where one may need to execute a compromise between emotion and continuity. Technicalities and continuity do matter; yet, the mastery of an editor’s skill actually depends on one’s ability to opt for a cut that accentuates the emotive content and force of a particular scene. For in the end what the audience tend to remember is the emotional force that a particular scene had over them, the extent to which a scene succeeded in playing with their sense of fear and hope, and the power with which it kept them engaged and riveted. If a cut succeeds in honoring these expectations, it is perfect even if it slips a little on the continuity scale. Considering the fact that young editors do come across situations when they feel that their inner conviction invokes them to compromise some fundamental aspects of editing, Murch has been benign to lay down the criteria for dealing with such dilemmas. He has given a sequential list of criteria in a decreasing order of importance and the sequence in which they could be compromised to come out with an emotionally and rhythmically correct cut. Coming out with a seamless edit is no doubt an art. However, the primary function of editing is to respect the importance of emotion, story and rhythm, which are the essence of a scene. Continuity is really important, but, it stands subservient to the actual emotional flavor of a  scene.     Ã‚  Ã‚  

Comm paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comm paper - Essay Example New York Times has been following the events surrounding the Israeli and the Hamas war that has caught the attention of the media, humanitarian groups, international organizations, and the world at large. On July 23rd the New York Times recorded that the Hamas were gambling on the war while they were suffering from the casualties at Gaza. The author Anna Barnard stated that when the Hamas attacked the Israeli by sending the barrage of rockets into Israel, they attracted hostility from the Israeli thus leading to the back and forth attacks between the two fighting groups. This statement sought to provide information on the developments that have taken place since the eruption of the war. The developments engulfing the war are well highlighted in the newspaper with the author exploring on the new war tactics. However, the author fails to connect us with the information on the past events leading to the current state. The statement concerning the counter attacks has also received critic ism with critics arguing that the information is not true, but rather based on war propaganda. This argument brings the sources of the article into question. The sources used by the editor have no factual basis, which narrows the validity of the author’s arguments. New York Times newspaper recorded on July 18, 2014 that the Hamas rockets in Israel are the Hamas’ response to Israeli soldiers’ extensive attacks and operations on the Gaza strip. The author further writes that Israeli and the rest of the international community have put prohibitive obstacles to Palestinian government thus making the Hamas more violent. The author provides a clear connection of events surrounding the war. The author provides background information that makes it interesting even to his casual readers. A reader reading the story for the first time can easily link the events taking place by looking at the cause factors. Additionally, the author

CRM Strategy for Charm City Mortgage Term Paper

CRM Strategy for Charm City Mortgage - Term Paper Example Effective CRM solutions will be able to develop synergy among the many business processes involved in customer relationships. Through the use of CRM, an organization will be able to maintain its current pool of customers, attract and win new customers an entice former customers back into their business. A CRM system, therefore, becomes an important tool for achieving a good level of customer loyalty and customer retention. CRM is not a single product or set of software applications. Instead, it is a platform or a technological foundation for various related services. The core components of CRM that are central to any CRM initiative are effective customer segmentation, well-defined business processes, integrated multichannel strategy, the right sets of skill and mindsets and the right technology (ORACLE 5). When these components are thoroughly re-groped, they give four core components that are central to a typical CRM structure. These are marketing management, customer support, and sales support. For businesses that have embraced a higher technological support for their business processes such as e-business, e-business infrastructure modules become a fourth core component in their CRM structure. These above-mentioned key components comprise the core functions directly supporting e-commerce staff, customer service, sales, and marketing. There are several ways in which the core components of CRM can be used within Charm City Mortgage to improve customer experience. According to ORACLE (5), the core components of CRM generate improvements to decision-making in all the three major stages of customer relationships. These are customer acquisition, development, and retention. Charm City Mortgage can segment/divide its market into distinct groups of customers sharing the same characteristics. Effective customer segmentation will allow Charm City Mortgage to understand which group of customers are the most profitable.

Why is Buddhism considered to be the only common meeting ground of Essay

Why is Buddhism considered to be the only common meeting ground of Asian cultures - Essay Example In a culture where the idea of diety is so thoroughly solidified, Buddhism focuses on humanitarian deeds rather than worship of a higher being. Buddhism ultimately chooses to find the good in humanity in society where religious warfare continues to plague society. The foundation of Buddhist tradition and practice focus around ethical perceptions. All Abrahamic religions along with Hinduism such as Christianity and Islam all have a divine God. Moreover, Buddhism tends to focus around life and suffering. It is evident that Asia is a very poor continent with poverty plaguing the sphere internationally and domestically. Religious diversity continues to be the problem in the continent as extremists from all religions tend to create chaos and destruction. This is perfectly displayed through John La Plante as he states, â€Å"Buddhism tends to adhere to the teachings of Buddha which calls for a very peaceful and humble approach† (Plante, 34). Moreover, Buddhism allows individuals to practice other religions along with Buddhism. The whole essence of Buddhism is to preach peacefulness and embrace nature. It was clear that people were attracted to the idea in which humanity is the focal point rather than worship and control that other religions enforce. Another key element that proves why Buddhism is embraced by the Asian culture is due to the fact that it promotes peace. Since Buddhism embraces the fact that peace and harmony are vital towards reaching salvation, it completely diminishes the difference of opinion in the religion itself. Buddhism is one of the fewest religions in which sects are not a huge issue. Moreover, Buddhism tends to bridge the differences. Hinduism for instance continues to impose the cast system which clashes against equality. It leads to differences between society and further leads to more division and clashes amongst people. On the other hand,

Urbanization, Population and the Environment Essay

Urbanization, Population and the Environment - Essay Example This increase as well as migration of the world population will have an effect on the natural environmental resources owing to the increased consumption of food, energy, water and land. It has increased the air, water and noise pollution levels and other phenomena such as global warming which is adversely affecting the health of the population (Torrey; Ichimura). In addition, urbanization has also resulted in extensive exploitation of the natural resources thus leaving irreversible ecological footprints that have long-term effects on the population (Ichimura). Thus both the quality of life and environmental degradation are the major effects of urbanization and as the population in the urban areas is poised to increase in the future suitable strategies need to be implemented in order to maintain agricultural yield, energy and utilization of other natural resources such as water to sustain life. Urbanization is defined as the â€Å"process by which rural areas become urbanized as a result of economic development and industrialization† (Peng, Xiangming and Cheng). However, urbanization is also defined in demographic terms as the redistribution of the population from the rural to the urban areas over a period of time (Ichimura; Peng, Xiangming and Cheng). Urban settlements are larger and denser and the population is a heterogeneous group of people coexisting in the area while rural regions are smaller and less differentiated (Peng, Xiangming and Cheng). According to estimates only about 2 percent of the world population lived in urban settlements during the 1800’s, however, within a span of 200 years it has rose to 50 percent with the development of 18 megacities as of 2000.

Outward and inward investment in Mexico and Brazil Essay Example for Free

Outward and inward investment in Mexico and Brazil Essay This paper compares Brazil and Mexico regarding outward and inward investment, labor costs in both countries and public policies; it also discusses dunning theory in regard to Brazil and Mexico, the comparison between the two countries in terms of investments in which case Brazil is viewed in outward investment while Mexico is viewed in terms of inward investment. The paper also highlights about North America free trade agreement and its relation and effects to both Brazil and Mexico. The J curve: A reduction in the value of a currency as compared to different monetary units varying from one country to the other is what is referred to devaluation. In relation to a country’s trade balance and in which case there is a devaluation this is what is referred to as the J curve. A country’s exchange rate may be lower therefore meaning that exports are much cheaper than the imports. If imports are more expensive it means that the local consumers will find it very hard to buy the imported goods due to their costly prices. Also when the exports are cheaper it means that the foreign consumers will enjoy the affordability of the prices and they will buy more of the exported products and services. In the case of a lower exchange rate it means that the prices of exports are very much lower than those of the imports. Exports sell fore very little foreign currency and hence the foreign consumers buy more due to the low prices. This means that the consumption of the exported goods is higher and hence there is an increase in the exports due to their affordability and also their competitive prices. On the contrary the local consumers cannot afford the imported products since their prices are costlier. It also means that the consumption of imported products by the domestic users will go down due to their being unaffordable though eventually the trade balance may get back to what it was initially. The only reason that may ensure that the imports and exports volumes remain as they were before e is the contracts in a case where there had been an agreement to supply certain products and at a certain price. It means that the both volume and also the reduction in the value of the currency will remain at the same level. However devaluation causes the increase in prices of the imported products, therefore increasing the overall expenses of the imports. It makes the total amount used in imports to increase. For a long period of time devaluation can ensure that the local consumer prefers to buy local products since they are more affordable to them thus keeping away from the imported goods which are much more expensive. Also the demand for exported goods and services goes up. Since the foreign consumers find them more affordable and they find their prices very competitive. Foreign consumers may continue buying the imported goods and keep away from their domestic products since the imported products and services are much cheaper and more affordable to them than their own domestically available products and services. Outward and inward Investment Brazil is an outward investor. Its outward investment has increased over the years although t has also been fluctuating. Brazil practiced foreign direct investment widely, even though it kept fluctuating and sometimes rising sharply. Brazil’s outward investment is directed towards other countries. There has also been a reduction in infrastructure investment, but due to its outward investment it has not affected its company’s labor force. Brazil’s service industries do not require very large investments of capital and still it has managed to provide remarkable services to its foreign clients. It also considers outward investments for financial gains more than anything else. This means that great emphasis is laid on financial transactions other than gains in other services. A large share of Brazils output is through exports. The biggest challenge they face in investing outwardly is inadequate information about markets as well as regulations and rules in those countries where they consider investing. They also face competition from products form other countries and international markets as well as imported products available in their market. In this case they are required to establish key markets of their interests and also create an asset base in order to increase potential for outward foreign direct investment. On the other hand Mexico is open to inward investment. A fall in foreign direct investment prompted Mexico to attract very little international and foreign investments. Domestic investment has also gone down; most of its foreign investment is in ventures held jointly with Mexican firms. Mexico is not as wealthy as Brazil due to its poorly performing public sector but it has been seen to multiply its growth in income. It also has a very authoritative system which was expected to produce high quality public policies with very positive effects. Its policy stability is enhanced by political continuity. Public policies Both Brazil and Mexico are said to be the most attractive in Latin America for foreign investment although Brazil is expected to replace Mexico thus becoming the most attractive while Mexico will fall in the second place. Brazil would like to solidify its position as an emerging country. All rounded in policy making. The country would like to come up with a strategy of development and high level of growth. They have put in place strategies of innovation. Enhanced by agricultural and other fields experts. However thy have faced challenges in trying to implement their innovations. Although their funding for the innovations as well as better legislation has enhanced an improvement achieving the innovations. Major challenges include the lack of clear government guidelines, poor coordination of innovation policies by the government. In Brazil domestic policies are not connected to its international agenda. It’s trying very hard to be domestically innovative which is not the case internationally. Labor costs In Brazil an equivalent job, warrants equal pay. Purchasing power parities determine that equal pay occurs when there is an equal purchasing power. This means that the price levels in different countries are eliminated by the currency conversion. In the year 2003 Mexico and Brazil manufacturing workers earned an hourly wage of $2. 48 and $2. 67 respectively. The cost of living in Mexico is much higher than that of Brazil. Mexico is however considered a middle income country. The North America Free Trade Agreement: The North America free trade agreement is not likely to improve the standards of living and employment in Mexico. Infact it is anticipated to hurt the rural employment in Mexico and prompting worker to migrate to the cities as well as to the united states of America. This is due to the fact that the North America free trade agreement focuses on profits other than wages. However its main focus is investments from the United States of America to Mexico. The investment in manufacturing will not address the issue of unemployment in Mexico since the main focus is not on the employees wages but on profits from the investments. This will cause and increase unemployment due to a reduction in the wages. Conclusion: From the above discussion Brazil is an outward investor. Meaning it participates in direct foreign investment. Its investment is directed to other countries, while Mexico is more open to inward investment, this refers to domestic investments and having shares in both retail and wholesale trade. Most of Mexico’s foreign investment is practiced as joint ventures with other Mexican firms. The cost of living in Mexico is much higher than in Brazil where as the labor costs in Mexico are much lower than those of Brazil. Brazil is the most attractive in foreign investment while Mexico is considered to be a middle income country. The North America free trade agreement favors Brazil since it is more economically liberated than Mexico. Since Mexico is not a rich country, though, it is an upwardly developing income country. Its political system is stable and can manage to come up with agreements to solve its social problems. The reason behind Mexico not being very wealthy or why it is not as economically stable as Brazil, is due to it’s under performing public sector. The political system is authoritarian and is favorable for a good economic growth. It has the approval of North America free trade agreement and has no trade barriers. On the other hand Brazil is seen as an emerging country. More developed than Mexico in terms of strategy of development and innovation. Brazil is all rounded in laying down strategies of development and modes of innovation and it has also been seen to implement its innovations and also it is supported by its government is implementing its innovation strategies. The challenges faced by Mexico is the lack of clear guidelines from its government on development and also a public sector which does not perform very well as well as having experienced a very slow economic growth. As for Brazil the major challenge is lack of information or inadequate information about markets and also the rules and regulations of the foreign countries where they intend to do foreign investment which has to be followed. Another major challenge is the competition faced from other products from other countries and also from the international markets. References: George Grayson (1993) The North American Free Trade Agreement, Foreign Policy Association press,U. S Global alliance (2007) brazil wage gap, retrieved on 11th november, 2008, available at http://74. 125. 113. 104/search? q=cache:UBYFdiNhlXYJ:www. jussemper. org/Resources/Labour%2520Resources/WGC/Resources/WagegapsBra2005. pdf+wage+rate+mexico+and+brazilhl=enct=clnkcd=1gl=ke John Sloan (1994) Public Policy in Latin America: A Comparative Survey, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh Robert Gwynne (2005) industrialization and urbanization in Latin America, Routledge press, London Paul Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld (1997) International Economics: Theory and Policy, Addison Wesley publishers, New York. Peter Dickens (1992) Global Shift: The Internationalization of Economic Activity, McGraw Hill publishers, New York.